Vietnam is an agriculture country with the population of 82 million habitants. More than 75% of population in the country are living in the rural area and their living depend on agriculture production. The main food crop of Vietnam is paddy rice production. Rice cultivation integrate with animal husbandry is a traditional agriculture production system of the country. From 1990, rice production was not only met the demanding of the population of nation but also for export. At present Vietnam is the third biggest country in the world for rice exporting. Total rice export was about 4 million tone in 2004 and estimated about 4.5 millions tone of rice export in 2005. Livestock production plays an importance in agriculture production and contributed about 23.0% of total annual agriculture products.
More than 15 years with the open policies and development of economy forward the open marketing system (Doi moi), the annual average economic growing rate of Vietnam was about 7-8%; the average income per capita per year is also increased significantly.
The annual human population growing rate is 1.7%/year during the period from 1990-2001. Due to the improving of the economic income and better living condition so the demand of foodstuff and animal products consumption of the population are increased and the requirement of meat and milk are also increasing day by day.
In-order to meet the demand of the population growing rate and the higher living condition of the people; livestock production of Vietnam has been developed significantly in both head size and their products.
I. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SITUATION
1.1. The Animal Breed and Total Population
Paddy rice cultivation and livestock production is the traditional integrate production system of Vietnam agriculture. The main and common animal breeds of Vietnam are pig, poultry, cattle, buffalo, goat and sheep. Total of animal population is indicated in the table 1.
Table 1: Livestock population from1990-2005 (head).
|
Year
|
Cattle and buffaloes
|
Dairy cattle
|
Pigs
|
Poultry
|
Goat & Sheep
|
|
1990
|
5,970,000
|
11,000
|
12,260,000
|
103,800,000
|
372,300
|
|
1991
|
6,016,000
|
12,100
|
12,183,000
|
105,258,000
|
312,475
|
|
1992
|
6,077,200
|
13,080
|
13,881,000
|
117,875,000
|
312,297
|
|
1993
|
6,293,800
|
15,000
|
14,873,000
|
126,399,000
|
353,200
|
|
1994
|
6,437,700
|
16,500
|
15,569,000
|
131,668,000
|
427,862
|
|
1995
|
6,600,000
|
18,700
|
16,310,000
|
140,000,000
|
550,474
|
|
1996
|
6,750,000
|
22,563
|
16,920,000
|
151,400,000
|
512,812
|
|
1997
|
6,850,000
|
24,501
|
17,640,000
|
160,600,000
|
514,982
|
|
1998
|
6,940,000
|
26,645
|
18,130,000
|
166,400,000
|
514,347
|
|
1999
|
7,020,000
|
29,401
|
18,890,000
|
179,300,000
|
516,000
|
|
2000
|
7,030,000
|
34,982
|
20,190,000
|
196,200,000
|
543,847
|
|
2001
|
7,100,000
|
41,241
|
21,700,000
|
218,800,000
|
569,452
|
|
2002
|
7,200,000
|
58,500
|
23,169,000
|
233,278,000
|
621,913
|
|
2003
|
7,228,000
|
79,225
|
25,451,000
|
254,057,000
|
780,354
|
|
2004
|
7,771,000
|
95,794
|
26,143,000
|
218,152,000
|
1,021,196
|
|
2005*
|
8.462.855
|
104.120
|
27.434.895
|
219.000.000
|
1.314.189
|
Note: * 1st.August 2005
After more than ten years (1990-2005), pig and poultry population are increase more two times, meanwhile dairy cattle population is increase more than 10 times.
- The growing rate of the cattle buffalo herd in the period of 1990-2000 is 1.78%/year, from 2001 to 2005 is 2.3%/year, the average growing rate in the period from 1990 to 2005 is 2.15%.
- For pig production, the growing rate of pig herd from 1990-2000, 2001-2004 and 1990-2004 are 6.47%, 5.12% and 8.09% respectively.
- The growing rate of the poultry in the period of 1990-2000 is 8.9%/year, in the period of 2001 to 2004 is 0.07%/ year and the average growing rate in the period of 1990-2005 is 7.78%.
1.2. Livestock Products and Annually Production
At present, plant cultivation and crops production in Vietnam had been invested with high technology and budged; meanwhile livestock production system of Vietnam was very poor in feeding and management or technology investment. So the productivity of animal breeds in the country is still rather low in both quantity and quality. Annually, total live weight of animal products is showed in the table 2.
Table 2. The Animal Products (1000 tone)
|
Years
|
Total meat production
|
Pork
|
Poultry meat
|
Red meat
|
Egg *
1000
|
Milk
|
|
1990
|
1,007.6
|
729.0
|
167.9
|
119.9
|
1,896,400
|
9.30
|
|
1991
|
1,001.5
|
715.5
|
146.3
|
123.3
|
2,016,900
|
9.35
|
|
1992
|
1,007.8
|
797.1
|
154.4
|
127.2
|
2,269,086
|
13.0
|
|
1993
|
1,175.3
|
878.3
|
169.8
|
123.2
|
2,346,940
|
15.0
|
|
1994
|
1,235,9
|
937,7
|
186.4
|
111.7
|
2,672,108
|
16.2
|
|
1995
|
1,332.1
|
1,006.9
|
197.1
|
118.0
|
2,825,025
|
20.9
|
|
1996
|
1,408.3
|
1,076.0
|
212.9
|
119.3
|
3,083,777
|
27.9
|
|
1997
|
1,503.0
|
1,154.2
|
226.1
|
122.7
|
3,168,646
|
31.3
|
|
1998
|
1,594.5
|
1,227.6
|
239.2
|
127.8
|
3,226,666
|
32.8
|
|
1999
|
1,711.7
|
1,318.1
|
261.8
|
131.7
|
3,442,863
|
39.6
|
|
2000
|
1,836.0
|
1,409.0
|
286.5
|
146.9
|
3,708,605
|
52.0
|
|
2001
|
1,989.2
|
1,513.2
|
322.6
|
153.3
|
4,161,844
|
66.0
|
|
2002
|
2,146.3
|
1,653.6
|
338.4
|
154.2
|
4,530,000
|
90.0
|
|
2003
|
2,328,7
|
1,795,4
|
372,7
|
160,5
|
4,852,200
|
126,0
|
|
2004
|
2,528,6
|
2,012,0
|
316,4
|
177,1
|
3,930,026
|
151,3
|
|
2005
|
2.812,1
|
2.288,3
|
321,8
|
201,9
|
3.948.493
|
197,0
|
Note: * 1000 pieces
From the year of 1990 to the 2005 total animal products of Vietnam as meat and egg products were increases 2-2,5 times. Dairy production develops very fast, after 15 year the total milk production of the country was increase more than 20 times.
Main animal product in Vietnam is pork; it is about 75-80% of total meat products. Poultry meat occurs about more than 12-15% of total livestock product and about less than 8-10% is red meat and others.
1.3. Annual Growing Rate of Animal Products.
Livestock production situation of the country depends on the income, living standard and protein requirement of the population. Now, Vietnam becomes the second biggest rice exporter country in the world so the farmer living condition had been improve and livestock production sector increasing fast in last few years. The growing rate of animal products has been shown in table 3.
Table 3. Livestock products growing rate (%).
|
Period
|
Meat (total)
|
Pigs meat
|
Poultry meat
|
Red meat
|
Egg
|
Milk
|
|
1990-2000
|
8.22
|
9.33
|
7.06
|
2.25
|
9.56
|
24.8
|
|
2001-2005
|
6.78
|
8.24
|
0.48
|
3.88
|
1.39
|
29.8
|
|
1990-2005
|
10.78
|
12.57
|
6.32
|
3.41
|
7.66
|
45.9
|
The growing rate of total meat production in the period of 1990-2000 is 8.22%/year, in the period of 2001- 2004 is 6.78%/ year and average growing rate in the period of 1990-2004 is 10.78 %/year.
The growing rate of pork and poultry meat is much higher than cattle and buffalo meat. In the period of 1990-2004, the average growing rate of pork is 12.57%/ year; the poultry meat is 6.32% year, while it is only 3.41% for the cattle and buffalo meat.
Table 4: Animal products/ capita/year from 1990 to 2004 (kg).
|
No.
|
Animal product
|
1990
|
1995
|
2002
|
2005
|
Increase rate/year (%)
|
|
1
|
Total meat (LW).
|
15.2
|
18.0
|
25.0
|
34.2
|
8.33
|
|
|
Of Which: Pork
|
11.0
|
13.6
|
18.6
|
27.8
|
10.10
|
|
|
Poultry meat
|
2.5
|
2.7
|
4.7
|
3.91
|
3.73
|
|
|
Cattle &buffalo
|
1.7
|
1.7
|
1.7
|
2.45
|
4.00
|
|
2
|
Egg -(pieces)
|
28
|
38
|
46
|
48.1
|
4.7
|
|
|
Egg- (kg)
|
1.4
|
1.9
|
2.3
|
2.4
|
|
|
3
|
Milk
|
0.14
|
0.28
|
1.109
|
2.4
|
107
|
The production of live weight meat, egg, and milk per capita per year has been increased quickly (Table 4). If the average meat production of live weight pig per capita/year in 1990 is 15.2 kg then it is 18.8 kg in 1995 and 25 kg in 2002 and 35.2 kg in 2005 about 8.33% of average growing rate per year. In which the pork is getting highest increased (by 10.10%/year), then the poultry meat: 3.7%/year, buffalo and cattle meat increased 4%/year, 2.45kg per capita /year 2005. On the poultry egg, if it is 28 eggs (1.4 kg) per capita/year in 1990, and it is 38 eggs (1.9 kg) in 1995 and 46 eggs (2.3 kg) in 2002 and 48 eggs in 2005.
The fresh milk production in the country per capita/year is still very low: 0.14 kg in 1990; 0.28 kg in 1995; 0.65 kg in 2002 and 2.4 kg in 2005, meeting only 20% of the requirement (80% from importation). It is, however in last two years dairy production in Vietnam has been increasing very fast. The development of dairy cattle population and total milk production of Vietnam were getting more than 100% of growing rate per year.
II. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION PLAN
The Animal Population and Production Plan
Population of animal of Vietnam was shown in the table 8. Buffalo and cattle population in 2005 and 2010 is 7.4 and 8.5 millions respectively, of which dairy cattle population is 100,000 and 200,000 heard respectively. Pig production is also main product in livestock production and total pig population in year 2005 and 2010 are about 27 and 33 million respectively. Poultry production in Vietnam is very popular to rural farmers, poultry population for 2005 and 2010 are about 297 and 350 million respectively.
Table 5: Animal Production Plan of Vietnam for 2005 and 2010.
|
Production index
|
Unit
|
2006
|
2010
|
|
Buffalo and cattle
In which:
Dairy cattle
|
Head
|
9,100,000
115,000
|
12,500,000
200,000
|
|
Pig
|
Head
|
28,000,000
|
33,000,000
|
|
Poultry
|
Birds
|
220,000,000
|
350,000,000
|
|
Goat
|
Head
|
1500.000
|
2,300.000
|
|
Total meat production
|
Tone
|
3,000,000
|
4,000,000
|
|
In which:
Pork
Cattle & buffalo meat
Poultry meat
|
|
2,500,000
210,000
290,000
|
3,200,000
300,000
500,000
|
|
Egg
|
Billion
|
5.0
|
7.0
|
|
Fresh milk
|
Tone
|
210,000
|
350,000
|
1. Livestock production: Livestock plays an importance role in agriculture production systems of Vietnam and contributed about 22.5% in agriculture production of the country.
2. Animal products is increasing fast 9-10% every year its contribute to the income of the farmer and to meets the high living standard requirement of the people.
Ha Noi, Nov 20, 2005 |
Introduction
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